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- Date sent: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 09:20:34 -0400
-
- Joshua Horn
- English 201
-
- In Shakespeare's King Lear, the character of King Lear is often portrayed as an old
- fool on the brink of dotage, but if the Lear is looked at in just a little bit
- different light, he transforms into a creature of cunning, devious and sly.
-
- The first scene I would like to address is when Lear proposes a contest to divide
- the land between his daughters based on which one loved him the most. Now, this is a
- fairly dim-witted plan if taken at face value, but if considered carefully, it was
- decidedly rigged. Goneril was given her share directly after speaking, as was Regan;
- both lots were equal in size and stature. This fact should have come as no surprise
- to us, in fact, the audience was informed of this in the very first lines of the
- play: KENT I thought the king had more affected the Duke of Albany than Cornwall.
-
- GLOUCESTER It did always seem so to us: but now, in the
- division of the kingdom, it appears not which of
- the dukes he values most; for equalities are so
- weighed, that curiosity in neither can make choice
- of either's moiety.
- (Ii 1-6)
- So clearly from the outset, Lear had no intentions of foolishly dividing his lands by a
- silly contest. Obviously, he planned to bestow the greatest portion upon Cordelia, so what
- is Lear's purpose in this little deception? The only plausible explanation is that Lear had
- an ulterior motive, to keep Cordelia, his baby, all to himself.
-
- Taking a strait interpretation of the contest, Lear is completely ignorant of his
- older daughters' personalities. For a father not to know the most basic nature of
- his children, especially children the age of his, is preposterous. If Lear though,
- knew his daughters, he could easily predict their responses. Assuredly they would
- flatter him to no ends in order to get a larger share. He would have Cordelia go
- last, so that by that time there would be nothing she could say to out do her
- sisters. Cordelia's only possible avenue would be to prove her complete and total
- devotion, something her sisters couldn't do since they were married. Cordelia would
- be forced to reject her two suitors and love her father completely, and forever. Or
- so that was Lear's plan.
-
- Cordelia must have, unless we assume she was completely oblivious to the world
- around her, saw what her father planned to do even as it was set into motion. She
- did the only thing that a girl could in that position, remained silent. When Lear
- repudiated this noiseless refusal, she was forced to flatly turn down her father. It
- is evident from her reply that this is indeed the case. CORDELIA Good my
- lord, You have begot me, bred me, loved me: I Return those duties back as are right
- fit, Obey you, love you, and most honour you. Why have my sisters husbands, if they
- say They love you all? Haply, when I shall wed, That lord whose hand must take my
- plight shall carry Half my love with him, half my care and duty: Sure, I shall never
- marry like my sisters, To love my father all.
- (Ii 95-104)
-
- At this denial, Lear goes into a rage, Kent, seeing this explosion as a mere
- response to a slightly bruised ego, attempts to intervene. It is at this point that
- Lear alludes to his darker intention. KING LEAR Peace, Kent! Come not between
- the dragon and his wrath. I loved her most, and thought to set my rest On her kind
- nursery. Hence, and avoid my sight!
- (Ii 121-124)
- Kent unwittingly continues on his erroneous assumption, and is promptly banished.
-
- Lear has but one final chance to claim his daughter as his own. He strips her of all
- her wealth, title, and privileges, and calls in her suitors. The idea at this point
- would be that now, since she is so materially worthless, her suitors will withdraw,
- leaving her with nowhere to turn except to beg forgiveness from her father. This
- does indeed effect the Duke of Burgundy, as he declines to court her farther. The
- King of France though, asks what her offense was. Lear has no reply, he surely
- cannot tell of his plan, nor can he say the mere facts of the scene, them being so
- minor taken out of context. Before Lear can come up with a suitable reason to tell
- France, Cordelia saves herself by over-simplifying the situation: CORDELIA I
- yet beseech your majesty,-- If for I want that glib and oily art, To speak and
- purpose not; since what I well intend, I'll do't before I speak,--that you make
- known It is no vicious blot, murder, or foulness, No unchaste action, or dishonour'd
- step, That hath deprived me of your grace and favour; But even for want of that for
- which I am richer, A still-soliciting eye, and such a tongue As I am glad I have
- not, though not to have it Hath lost me in your liking.
- (Ii 223-233)
- Upon hearing the bare essence of her "crime" France is appalled at the King's brutishness.
- Since France already has his own country, and relies not upon Lear as a superior, he has no
- real qualms about still taking her for his wife. Cordelia readily accepts.
-
- Lear, in a despicable act of spite, makes a speech, if not to frighten France away
- or Cordelia back, then to burn into her the complete hatred he is capable of; and so
- Lear uses the strongest curse a child can hear from a parent: KING LEAR Thou
- hast her, France: let her be thine; for we Have no such daughter, nor shall ever see
- That face of hers again. Therefore be gone Without our grace, our love, our benison.
- Come, noble Burgundy.
- (Ii 262-266)
- With that, Cordelia and France leave and do not return until the end of the story.
-
- The tale progresses as the consequences of Lear's failure rebound upon him,
- redoubling at every turn. Upon Cordelia's return with the French Army, and following
- loss, Lear's first words are still directly related to his plan: KING LEAR No,
- no, no, no! Come, let's away to prison: We two alone will sing like birds i' the
- cage: ... so we'll live, And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh At gilded
- butterflies, and hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,
- Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out; And take upon's the mystery of things,
- As if we were God's spies: and we'll wear out, In a wall'd prison, packs and sects
- of great ones, That ebb and flow by the moon.
- (Vii 8-19)
- Notice that Cordelia never responds to Lear, she cannot believe it. After everything that
- they both have been through, he is still as single minded as ever. Lear at this point
- doesn't appear to care whether she cares to talk back or not, as he continues: "...Have I
- caught thee? /He that parts us shall bring a brand from heaven," (Viii 21-22) I believe the
- answer to Lear's question is, yes; and Cordelia knows it, for as soon as Lear asks this, she
- begins to cry. For all the trouble, for all the sorrow and wrecked lives that lay scattered
- along the path that has been taken, they have ended up exactly where Lear put us in the
- opening act, where Lear always wanted to be: with Cordelia. He could not win her through
- cunning or by any other means that he had, and now Cordelia's sisters, her sweet, loving
- sisters, have arranged it by force. Purposely? I think it can safely be said that this is
- quite a nicely ironic ending, which can be attributed to the warped minds of Goneril and
- Regan.
-
- After Cordelia's untimely death at the orders of Edmund, Lear is broken. After he
- had finally gained the long sought for prize, it was stripped away literally out of
- Lear's grasp. One might say that Cordelia had eluded him one final time. Lear has
- never taken defeat easily, and after failing to bring Cordelia back to him (again),
- he joins her. The close of the play, and it appears Lear has won. His wish has been
- granted, his dream fulfilled, as they will be remembered throughout the ages: Lear
- and Cordelia, together, Forever.
-
- Bibliography
-
- 1. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. Alfred Harbage. New York: Penguin, 1986
- Horn
-